THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR TEACHER EDUCATION 
ACT, 1993 
__________________ 

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS 
__________________ 

CHAPTER I 

PRELIMINARY 

SECTIONS 

1.  Short title, extent and commencement. 
2.  Definitions. 

CHAPTER II 

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COUNCIL 

3.  Establishment of the Council. 
4.  Term of office and conditions of service of Members. 
5.  Disqualification for office of Member. 
6.  Vacation of office of Member. 
7.  Meetings of the Council. 
8.  Vacancies, etc., not to invalidate proceedings of the Council. 
9.  Power to co-opt. 
10.  Appointment of officers and other employees of the Council. 
11.  Authentication of the orders and other instruments of the Council. 

CHAPTER III 

FUNCTIONS OF THE COUNCIL 

12.  Functions of the Council. 
12A. Power of Council to determine minimum standards of education of school teachers. 
13.  Inspection. 

CHAPTER IV 

RECOGNITION OF TEACHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS 

14.  Recognition of institutions offering course or training in teacher education. 
15.  Permission for a new course or training by recognised institution. 
16.  Affiliating body to grant affiliation after recognition or permission by the Council. 
17.  Contravention of provisions of the Act and consequences thereof. 
18.  Appeals. 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHAPTER V 

BODIES OF THE COUNCIL 

SECTIONS 

19.  Executive Committee. 
20.  Regional Committees. 
21.  Power to terminate the Regional Committee. 

CHAPTER VI 

FINANCE, ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT 

22.  Payment to the Council. 
23.  Fund of the Council. 
24.  Budget of the Council. 
25.  Annual report. 
26.  Accounts and audit. 

CHAPTER VII 

MISCELLANEOUS 

27.  Delegation of powers and functions. 
28.  Protection of action taken in good faith. 
29.  Directions by the Central Government. 
30.  Power to supersede the Council. 
31.  Power to make rules. 
32.  Power to make regulations. 
33.  Rules and regulations to be laid before Parliament. 
34.  Power to remove difficulties. 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR TEACHER EDUCATION 
ACT, 1993 

ACT NO. 73 OF 1993 

An Act to provide for the establishment of a National Council for Teacher Education with a view 
to  achieving  planned  and  co-ordinated  development  of  the  teacher  education  system 
throughout the country, the regulation and proper maintenance of norms and standards in the 
teacher  education  system  1[including  qualifications  of  school  teachers]  and  for  matters 
connected therewith. 

BE it enacted by Parliament in the Forty-fourth Year of the Republic of India as follows:— 

[29th December, 1993.] 

CHAPTER I 

PRELIMINARY 

1.  Short  title,  extent  and  commencement.—(1)  This  Act  may  be  called  the  National  Council  for 

Teacher Education Act, 1993. 

(2) It extends to the whole of India 2***. 

(3)  It  shall  come  into  force  on  such  date3  as  the  Central  Government  may,  by  notification  in  the 

Official Gazette, appoint. 

4[(4) Save as otherwise provided in this Act, the provisions of this Act shall apply to— 

(a) institutions; 

(b) students and teachers of the institutions; 

(c)  schools  imparting  pre-primary,  primary,  upper  primary,  secondary  or  senior  secondary 
education and colleges providing senior secondary or intermediate education irrespective of the fact, 
by whatever names they may be called; and 

(d) teachers for schools and colleges referred to in clause (c).] 

2. Definitions.—In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,— 

(a)  “appointed  day”  means  the  date  of  establishment  of  the  National  Council  for  Teacher 

Education under sub-section (1) of section 3; 

(b)  “Chairperson”  means  the  Chairperson  of  the  Council  appointed  under  clause  (a)  of  

sub-section (4) of section 3; 

(c)  “Council”  means 
sub-section (1) of section 3; 

the  National  Council  for  Teacher  Education  established  under  

(d) “examining body” means a University, agency or authority to which an institution is affiliated 

for conducting examinations in teacher education qualifications; 

(e) “institution” means an institution which offers courses or training in teacher education; 
5[(ea)  “local  authority”  means  a  Municipal  Corporation,  Municipal  Committee,  Municipal 
Council,  Zila  Parishad,  District  Board  or  Nagar  Panchayat  or  Panchayat,  or  other  authority  (by 
whatever  name  called),legally  entitled  to,  or  entrusted  by  the  Government  with  the  control  or 
management of a municipal or local fund;] 

1. Ins. by Act 18 of 2011, s.2 (w.e.f. 1-6-2012). 
2. The words “except the State of Jammu and Kashmir” omitted by Act 34 of 2019, s. 95 and the Fifth Schedule (w.e.f. 31-10- 

2019). 

3. 1st July, 1995, vide notification No. S.O. 620(E), dated 1st July, 1995, see Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, sec. 3(ii) 
4. Ins. by Act 18 of 2011, s. 3 (w.e.f. 1-6-2012). 
5. Ins. by s. 4, ibid. (w.e.f. 1-6-2012). 

3 

 
                                                           
(f)  “Member”  means  a  Member  of 

the  Council  and 

includes 

the  Chairperson  and  

Vice-Chairperson; 

(g) “Member-Secretary” means the Member-Secretary of the Council appointed under clause (c) 

of sub-section (4) of section 3; 

(h) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under section 31; 

(i) “recognised institution” means an institution recognised by the Council under section 14; 

(j) “Regional Committee” means a committee established under section 20; 

(k) “regulations” means regulations made under section 32; 

1[(ka)  “school”  means  any  recognised  school  imparting  pre-primary,  primary,  upper  primary, 
secondary  or  senior  secondary  education,  or  a  college  imparting  senior  secondary  education,  and 
includes— 

(i)  a  school  established,  owned  and  controlled  by  the  Central  Government,  or  the  State 

Government or a local authority; 

(ii)  a  school receiving  aid or  grants  to  meet  whole  or  part  of  its  expenses from  the  Central 

Government, the State Government or a local authority; 

(iii) a school not receiving any aid or grants to meet whole or part of its expenses from the 

Central Government, the State Government or a local authority;] 

(l)  “teacher  education”  means  programmes  of  education,  research  or  training  of  persons  for 
equipping them to teach at pre-primary, primary, secondary and senior secondary stages in schools, 
and  includes  non-formal  education,  part-time  education,  adult  education  and  correspondence 
education; 

(m) “teacher education qualification” means a degree, diploma or certificate in teacher education 

awarded by a University or examining body in accordance with the provisions of this Act; 

(n) “University” means a University defined under clause (f) of section 2 of the University Grants 
Commission  Act,  1956  (3  of  1956),  and  includes  an  institution  deemed  to  be  a  University  under 
section 3 of that Act; 

(o) “Vice-Chairperson” means the Vice-Chairperson of the Council appointed under clause (b) of 

sub-section (4) of section 3. 

CHAPTER II 

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COUNCIL 

3. Establishment of the Council.—(1) With effect from such date as the Central Government may, 
by  notification  in  the  Official  Gazette,  appoint,  there  shall  be  established  a  Council  to  be  called  the 
National Council for Teacher Education. 

(2) The Council shall be a body corporate by the name aforesaid, having perpetual succession and a 

common seal with power to contract and shall, by the said name, sue and be sued. 

(3) The head office of the Council shall be at Delhi and the Council may, with the previous approval 

of the Central Government, establish regional offices at other places in India. 

(4) The Council shall consist of the following Members, namely:— 

(a) a Chairperson to be appointed by the Central Government; 

(b) a Vice-Chairperson to be appointed by the Central Government; 

(c) a Member-Secretary to be appointed by the Central Government; 

(d) the Secretary to the Government of India in the Department dealing with Education, ex officio; 

1. Ins. by Act 18 of 2011, s. 4 (w.e.f. 1-6-2012). 

4 

 
                                                           
(e)  the  Chairman,  University  Grants  Commission  established  under  section  4  of  the  University 

Grants Commission Act, 1956 (3 of 1956) or a member thereof nominated by him, ex officio; 

(f) the Director, National Council of Educational Research and Training, ex officio; 

(g) the Director, National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, ex officio; 

(h) the Adviser (Education), Planning Commission, ex officio; 

(i) the Chairman, Central Board of Secondary Education, ex officio; 

(j)  the  Financial  Adviser  to  the  Government  of  India  in  the  Department  dealing  with  

Education, ex officio; 

(k) the Member-Secretary, All-India Council for Technical Education, ex officio; 

(l) the Chairpersons of all Regional Committees, ex officio; 

(m) thirteen persons possessing experience and knowledge in the field of education or teaching to 

be appointed by the Central Government as under, from amongst the— 

(i)  Deans  of  Faculties  of  Education  and  Professors  of 

—Four; 

Education in Universities 

(ii) 

experts in secondary teacher education                                                            —One; 

(iii)  experts in pre-primary and primary teacher education 

(iv)  experts in non-formal education and adult education 

—Three; 

—Two; 

(v) 

experts  in  the  field  of  natural  sciences,  social  sciences, 
linguistics,  vocational  education,  work  experience, 
educational technology and special education, by rotation, 
in the manner prescribed                                                                                                                       

—Three; 

(n) nine Members to be appointed by the Central Government to represent the States and Union 

territory Administrations in the manner prescribed; 

(o)  three  Members  of  Parliament  of  whom  one  shall  be  nominated  by  the  Chairman  of  the 

Council of States and two by the Speaker of the House of the People; 

(p) three Members to be appointed by the Central Government from amongst teachers of primary 

and secondary education and teachers of recognised institutions. 

(5) It is hereby declared that the office of the Member of the Council shall not disqualify its holder for 

being chosen as or for being a member of either House of Parliament. 

4. Term of office and conditions of service of Members.—(1) The Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson 

and the Member-Secretary shall hold office on a full-time basis. 

(2) The term of office of the Chairperson, the Vice-Chairperson and the Member-Secretary shall be 

four years, or till they complete the age of sixty years, whichever is earlier. 

(3)  The  conditions  of  service  of  the  Chairperson,  the  Vice-Chairperson  and  the  Member-Secretary 

shall be such as may be prescribed. 

(4) The term of office of Members [other than the Members specified in clauses (a) to (l) and clauses 
(n)  and  (o)  of  sub-section  (4)  of  section  3]  shall  be  two  years  or  till  fresh  appointments  are  made, 
whichever is later, and other conditions of service of such Members shall be such as may be prescribed. 

(5) If a casual vacancy occurs in the office of Chairperson, whether by reason of death, resignation or 
inability  to  discharge  the  functions  of  a  Chairperson  owing  to  illness  or  other  incapacity,  the  
Vice-Chairperson holding office as such for the time being, shall act as the Chairperson and shall, unless 
any other person is appointed earlier as Chairperson, hold office of the Chairperson for the remainder of 
the term of office of the person in whose place the said person is to so act. 

5 

 
 
 
(6) If a casual vacancy occurs in the office of the Vice-Chairperson or any other Member, whether by 
reason  of  death,  resignation  or  inability  to  discharge  his  functions  owing  to  illness  or  other  incapacity, 
such vacancy shall be filled up by making fresh appointment and the person so appointed shall hold office 
for the remainder of the term of the office of the person in whose place such person is so appointed. 

(7)  The  Chairperson  shall,  in  addition  to  presiding  over  the  meetings  of  the  Council,  exercise  and 
discharge  such  powers  and  duties  of  the  Council  as  may  be  delegated  to  him  by  the  Council  and  such 
other powers and duties as may be prescribed. 

(8) The Vice-Chairperson shall perform such functions as may be assigned to him by the Chairperson 

from time to time. 

5. Disqualification for office of Member.—A person shall be disqualified for being appointed as a 

Member if he— 

(a) has been convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for an offence, which, in the opinion of the 

Central Government, involves moral turpitude; or 

(b) is an undischarged insolvent; or 

(c) is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court; or 

(d)  has  been  removed  or  dismissed  from  the  service  of  the  Government  or  a  body  corporate 

owned or controlled by the Government; or 

(e) has in the opinion of the Central Government such financial or other interest in the Council as 

is likely to affect prejudicially the discharge by him of his functions as a Member. 

6. Vacation of office of Member.—The Central Government shall remove a Member if he— 

(a) becomes subject to any of the disqualifications mentioned in section 5: 

Provided  that  no  Member  shall  be  removed  on  the  ground  that  he  has  become  subject  to  the 
disqualification  mentioned  in  clause  (e)  of  that  section,  unless  he  has  been  given  a  reasonable 
opportunity of being heard in the matter; or 

(b) refuses to act or becomes incapable of acting; or 

(c)  is,  without  obtaining  leave  of  absence  from  the  Council,  absent  from  three  consecutive 

meetings of the Council; or 

(d)  in  the  opinion  of  the  Central  Government,  has  so  abused  his  position  as  to  render  his 

continuance in office detrimental to the public interest: 

Provided  that  no  Member  shall  be  removed  under  this  clause  unless  he  has  been  given  a 

reasonable opportunity of being heard in the matter. 

7. Meetings of the Council.—(1) The Council shall meet at such time and places, and shall observe 
such rules of procedure in regard to the transaction of business at its meetings (including the quorum at 
such meetings) as may be provided by regulations: 

Provided that the Council shall meet at least once every year. 

(2) The Chairperson, and in the absence of the Chairperson, the Vice-Chairperson shall preside at the 

meetings of the Council. 

(3) If for any reason the Chairperson and the Vice-Chairperson, both are unable to attend any meeting 
of  the  Council,  any  other  Member  chosen  by  the  Members  present  at  the  meeting  shall  preside  at  that 
meeting. 

(4) All questions which come up before any meeting of the Council shall be decided by a majority of 
votes of the Members present and voting and in the event of any equality of votes, the Chairperson, or in 
the absence of the Chairperson the person presiding, shall have and exercise a second or casting vote. 

8.  Vacancies,  etc.,  not  to  invalidate  proceedings  of  the  Council.—No  act  or  proceeding  of  the 

Council shall be invalid merely by reason of— 

6 

 
(a) any vacancy in, or any defect in the constitution of, the Council; or 

(b) any defect in the appointment of a person acting as aMember of the Council; or 

(c) any irregularity in the procedure of the Council not affecting the merits of the case. 

9. Power to co-opt.—(1) The Council may co-opt, in such manner and for such purposes as may be 
determined  by  regulations,  not  more  than  three  persons,  whose  assistance  or  advice  it  may  desire  in 
carrying out any of the provisions of this Act. 

(2) The person co-opted by the Council under sub-section (1) for any purpose shall have a right to 
take part in the discussions relevant to that purpose, but shall not have a right to vote at a meeting of the 
Council, and shall not be a Member for any other purpose. 

10. Appointment of officers and other employees of the Council.—(1) For the purpose of enabling 
the  Council  to  discharge  its  functions  efficiently  under  this  Act,  the  Council  shall,  subject  to  such 
regulations as may be made in this behalf, appoint (whether on deputation or otherwise) such number of 
officers and other employees as it may consider necessary: 

Provided that the category of posts equivalent to Group ‘A’ posts in the Central Government shall be 

subject to the approval of the Central Government. 

(2) Every officer or other employee appointed by the Council shall be subject to such conditions of 

service as may be determined by regulations. 

11. Authentication of the orders and other instruments of the Council.—All orders and decisions 
of the Council shall be authenticated by the signature of the Chairperson or any other Member authorised 
by the Council in this behalf, and all other instruments issued by the Council shall be authenticated by the 
signature of the Member-Secretary or any other officer of the Council authorised in like manner in  this 
behalf by the Chairperson. 

CHAPTER III 

FUNCTIONS OF THE COUNCIL 

12. Functions of the Council.—It shall be the duty of the Council to take all such steps as it may 
think  fit  for  ensuring  planned  and  co-ordinated  development  of  teacher  education  and  for  the 
determination and maintenance of standards for teacher education and for the purposes of performing its 
functions under this Act, the Council may— 

(a) undertake surveys and studies relating to various aspects of teacher education and publish the 

result thereof; 

(b) make recommendations to the Central and State Government, Universities, University Grants 
Commission  and  recognised  institutions  in  the  matter  of  preparation  of  suitable  plans  and 
programmes in the field of teacher education; 

(c) co-ordinate and monitor teacher education and its development in the country; 

(d) lay down guidelines in respect of minimum qualifications for a person to be employed as a 

teacher 1*** in recognised institutions; 

(e)  lay  down  norms  for  any  specified  category  of  courses  or  trainings  in  teacher  education, 
including  the  minimum  eligibility  criteria  for  admission  thereof,  and  the  method  of  selection  of 
candidates, duration of the course, course contents and mode of curriculum; 

(f)  lay  down  guidelines  for  compliance  by  recognised  institutions,  for  starting  new  courses  or 
training, and for providing physical and instructional facilities, staffing pattern and staff qualification; 

1. The words “in schools or” omitted by Act 18 of 2011, s. 5 (w.e.f. 1-6-2012). 

7 

 
                                                           
(g)  lay  down  standards  in  respect  of  examinations  leading  to  teacher  education  qualifications, 

criteria for admission to such examinations and schemes of courses or training; 

(h)  lay  down  guidelines  regarding  tuition  fees  and  other  fees  chargeable  by  recognised 

institutions; 

(i)  promote  and  conduct  innovation  and  research  in  various  areas  of  teacher  education  and 

disseminate the results thereof; 

(j)  examine  and  review  periodically  the  implementation  of  the  norms,  guidelines  and  standards 

laid down by the Council, and to suitably advise the recognised institutions; 

(k)  evolve  suitable  performance  appraisal  system,  norms  and  mechanisms  for  enforcing 

accountability on recognised institutions; 

(l) formulate schemes for various levels of teacher education and identify recognised institutions 

and set up new institutions for teacher development programmes; 

(m) take all necessary steps to prevent commercialisation of teacher education; and 

(n) perform such other functions as may be entrusted to it by the Central Government. 

1[12A. Power of Council to determine minimum standards of education of school teachers.—For 
the purpose of maintaining standards of education in schools, the Council may, by regulations, determine 
the qualifications of persons for being recruited as teachers in any pre-primary, primary, upper primary, 
secondary, senior secondary or intermediate school or college, by whatever name called, established, run, 
aided or recognised by the Central Government or a State Government or a local or other authority: 

Provided that nothing in this section shall adversely affect the continuance of any person recruited in 
any  pre-primary,  primary,  upper  primary,  secondary,  senior  secondary  or  intermediate  schools  or 
colleges,  under  any  rule,  regulation  or  order  made  by  the  Central  Government,  a  State  Government,  a 
local  or  other  authority,  immediately  before  the  commencement  of  the  National  Council  for  Teacher 
Education(Amendment)Act,  2011  (18  of  2011)  solelyon  the  ground  of  non-fulfilment  of  such 
qualifications as may be specified by the Council: 

Provided further that the minimum qualifications of a teacher referred to in the first proviso shall be 
acquired within the period specified in this Act or under the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory 
Education Act, 2009 (35 of 2009).] 

13.  Inspection.—(1)  For  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  whether  the  recognised  institutions  are 
functioning in accordance with the provisions of this Act, the Council may cause inspection of any such 
institution, to be made by such persons as it may direct, and in such manner as may be prescribed. 

(2)  The  Council  shall  communicate  to  the  institution  the  date  on  which  inspection  under  
sub-section (1) is to be made and the institution shall be entitled to be associated with the inspection in 
such manner as may be prescribed. 

(3) The Council shall communicate to the said institution, its views in regard to the results of any such 
inspection  and  may,  after  ascertaining  the  opinion  of  that  institution,  recommend  to  that  institution  the 
action to be taken as a result of such inspection. 

(4) All communications to the institution under this section shall be made to the executive authority 
thereof, and the executive authority of the institution shall report to the Council the action, if any, which 
is  proposed  to  be  taken  for  the  purpose  of  implementing  any  such  recommendation  as  is  referred  to  in 
sub-section (3). 

1. Ins. by Act 18 of 2011, s. 6 (w.e.f. 1-6-2012). 

8 

 
 
                                                           
CHAPTER IV 
RECOGNITION OF TEACHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS 

14. Recognition of institutions offering course of training in teacher education.—(1) Every institution 
offering or intending to offer a course or training in teacher education on or after the appointed day, may, for 
grant of recognition under this Act, make an application to the Regional Committee concerned in such form 
and in such manner as may be determined by regulations: 

Provided  that  an  institution  offering  a  course  or  training  in  teacher  education  immediately  before  the 
appointed day, shall be entitled to continue such course or training for a period of six months, if it has made an 
application  for  recognition  within  the  said  period  and  until  the  disposal  of  the  application  by  the  Regional 
Committee. 

1[Provided further that such institutions, as may be specified by the Central Government by notification in 

the Official Gazette, which— 

(i)  are  funded  by  the  Central  Government  or  the  State  Government  or  the  Union  territory 

Administration; 

(ii)  have  offered  a  course  or  training  in  teacher  education  on  or  after  the  appointed  day  till  the 

academic year 2017-2018; and 

(iii) fulfil the conditions specified under clause (a) of sub-section (3), 

shall be deemed to have been recognised by the Regional Committee.] 

(2) The fee to be paid along with the application under sub-section (1) shall be such as may be prescribed. 
(3)  On  receipt  of  an  application  by 

institution  under  
sub-section  (1),  and  after  obtaining  from  the  institution  concerned  such  other  particulars  as  it  may  consider 
necessary, it shall,— 

the  Regional  Committee  from  any 

(a)  if  it  is  satisfied  that  such  institution  has  adequate  financial  resources,  accommodation,  library, 
qualified  staff,  laboratory  and  that  it  fulfils  such  other  conditions  required  for  proper  functioning  of  the 
institution for a course or training in teacher education, as may be determined by regulations, pass an order 
granting recognition to such institution, subject to such conditions as may be determined by regulations; or 
(b)  if  it  is  of  the  opinion  that  such  institution  does  not  fulfil  the  requirements  laid  down  in  

sub-clause (a), pass an order refusing recognition to such institution for reasons to be recorded in writing: 
Provided  that  before  passing  an  order  under  sub-clause  (b),  the  Regional  Committee  shall  provide  a 

reasonable opportunity to the concerned institution for making a written representation. 

(4)  Every  order  granting  or  refusing  recognition  to  an  institution  for  a  course  or  training  in  teacher 
education  under  sub-section  (3)  shall  be  published  in  the  Official  Gazette  and  communicated  in  writing  for 
appropriate  action  to  such  institution  and  to  the  concerned  examining  body,  the  local  authority  or  the  State 
Government and the Central Government. 

(5)  Every  institution,  in  respect  of  which  recognition  has  been  refused  shall  discontinue  the  course  or 
training  in  teacher  education  from  the  end  of  the  academic  session  next  following  the  date of  receipt  of  the 
order refusing recognition passed under clause (b) of sub-section (3). 

(6) Every examining body shall, on receipt of the order under sub-section (4),— 
(a) grant affiliation to the institution, where recognition has been granted; or 
(b) cancel the affiliation of the institution, where recognition has been refused. 

15.  Permission  for  a  new  course  or  training  by  recognised  institution.—(1)  Where  any  recognised 
institution intends to start any new course or training in teacher education, it may make an application to seek 
permission  therefor  to  the  Regional  Committee  concerned  in  such  form  and  in  such  manner  as  may  be 
determined by regulations. 

2[Provided  that  the  course  or  training  in  teacher  education  offered  on  or  after  the  appointed  day  till  the 
academic year 2017-2018 by such institutions, as may be specified by the Central Government by notification 
in the Official Gazette, which— 

(i)  are  funded  by  the  Central  Government  or  the  State  Government  or  the  Union  territory 

Administration; and 

(ii) fulfil the conditions specified under clause (a) of sub-section (3), 

shall be deemed to have been granted permission by the Regional Committee.] 

1. Ins. by Act 2 of 2019, s. 2 (w.e.f. 17-8-1995). 
2. Ins. by s. 3, ibid. (w.e.f. 17-8-1995). 

9 

 
 
                                                           
(2) The fees to be paid along with the application under sub-section (1) shall be such as may be prescribed. 
(3)  On  receipt  of  an  application  from  an  institution  under  sub-section  (1),  and  after  obtaining  from  the 
recognised institution such other particulars as may be considered necessary, the Regional Committee shall,— 
(a)  if  it  is  satisfied  that  such  recognised  institution  has  adequate  financial  resources, 
accommodation, library, qualified staff, laboratory, and that it fulfils such other conditions required 
for  proper  conduct  of  the  new  course  or  training  in  teacher  education,  as  may  be  determined  by 
regulations, pass an order granting permission, subject to such conditions as may be determined by 
regulations; or 

(b)  if  it  is  of  the  opinion  that  such  institution  does  not  fulfil  the  requirements  laid  down  in  
sub-clause  (a),  pass  an  order  refusing  permission  to  such  institution  for  reasons  to  be  recorded  in 
writing: 

Provided  that  before  passing  an  order  refusing  permission  under  sub-class  (b),  the  Regional 
Committee shall provide a reasonable opportunity to the institution concerned for making a written 
representation. 
(4)  Every  order  granting  or  refusing  permission  to  a  recognised  institution  for  a  new  course  or 
training  in  teacher  education  under  sub-section  (3),  shall  be  published  in  the  Official  Gazette  and 
communicated  in  writing  for  appropriate  action  to  such  recognised  institution  and  to  the  concerned 
examining body, the local authority, the State Government and the Central Government. 

16.  Affiliating  body  to  grant  affiliation  after  recognition  or  permission  by  the  Council.—
Notwithstanding  anything  contained  in  any  other  law  for  the  time  being  in  force,  no  examining  body 
shall, on or after the appointed day,— 

(a) grant affiliation, whether provisional or otherwise, to any institution; or 
(b) hold examination, whether provisional or otherwise, for a course or training  conducted by a 

recognised institution,  

unless the institution concerned has obtained recognition from the Regional Committee concerned, under 
section 14 or permission for a course or training under section 15. 

17.  Contravention  of  provisions  of  the  Act  and  consequences  thereof.—(1) Where the  Regional 
Committee  is,  on  its  own  motion  or  on  any  representation  received  from  any  person,  satisfied  that  a 
recognised institution has contravened any of the provisions of this Act, or the rules, regulations, orders 
made  or  issued  thereunder,  or  any  condition  subject  to  which  recognition  under  sub-section  (3)  of  
section 14 or permission under sub-section (3) of section 15 was granted, it may withdraw recognition of 
such recognised institution, for reasons to be recorded in writing: 

Provided  that  no  such  order  against  the  recognised  institution  shall  be  passed  unless  a  reasonable 
opportunity  of  making  representation  against  the  proposed  order  has  been  given  to  such  recognised 
institution: 

Provided  further  that  the  order  withdrawing  or  refusing  recognition  passed  by  the  Regional  Committee 
shall  come  into  force  only  with  effect  from  the  end  of  the  academic  session  next  following  the  date  of 
communication of such order. 

(2) A copy of every order passed by the Regional Committee under sub-section (1),— 

(a)  shall  be  communicated  to  the  recognised  institution  concerned  and  a  copy  thereof  shall  also  be 
forwarded simultaneously to the University or the examining body to which such institution was affiliated 
for cancelling affiliation; and 

(b) shall be published in the Official Gazette for general information. 

(3)  Once  the  recognition  of  a  recognised  institution  is  withdrawn  under  sub-section  (1),  such  institution 
shall  discontinue the  course  or  training  in  teacher  education,  and  the concerned University  or  the examining 
body shall cancel affiliation of the institution in accordance with the order passed under sub-section (1), with 
effect from the end of the academic session next following the date of communication of the said order. 

(4)  If  an institution  offers any  course  or  training  in  teacher  education  after  the  coming  into  force of  the 
order  withdrawing  recognition  under  sub-section  (1),  or  where  an institution  offering  a  course  or  training  in 
teacher education immediately before the appointed day fails or neglects to obtain recognition or permission 
under  this  Act,  the  qualification  in  teacher  education  obtained  pursuant  to  such  course  or  training  or  after 
undertaking  a  course  or  training  in  such  institution,  shall  not  be  treated  as  a  valid  qualification  for 
purposes of employment under the Central Government, any State Government or University, or in any 
school, college or other educational body aided by the Central Government or any State Government. 

10 

 
18.  Appeals.—(1)  Any  person  aggrieved  by  an  order  made  under  section  14  or  section  15  or  

section 17 of the Act may prefer an appeal to the Council within such period as may be prescribed. 

(2) No appeal shall be admitted if it is preferred after the expiry of the period prescribed therefor: 

Provided  that  an  appeal  may  be  admitted  after  the  expiry  of  the  period  prescribed  therefor,  if  the 
appellant  satisfies  the  Council  that  he  had  sufficient  cause  for  not  preferring  the  appeal  within  the 
prescribed period. 

(3) Every appeal made under this section shall be made in such form and shall be accompanied by a 

copy of the order appealed against and by such fees as may be prescribed. 

(4) The procedure for disposing of an appeal shall be such as may be prescribed: 

Provided that before disallowing an appeal, the appellant shall be given a reasonable opportunity to 

represent its case. 

(5) The Council may confirm or reverse the order appealed against. 

CHAPTER V 

BODIES OF THE COUNCIL 

19.  Executive  Committee.—(1)  The  Council  shall  constitute  a  Committee,  called  Executive 
Committee  for  discharging  such  functions  as  may  be  assigned  to  it  by  the  Council  or  as  may  be 
determined by regulations. 

(2) The Executive Committee shall consist of the following members, namely:— 

(a) the Chairperson; 

(b) the Vice-Chairperson; 

(c) the Member-Secretary; 

(d) 

the  Secretary 

to 

the  Government  of 

India 

in 

the  Department  dealing  with  

Education, ex officio; 

(e) the Secretary, University Grants Commission, ex officio; 

(f) the Director, National Council of Educational Research and Training, exofficio; 

(g)  the  Financial  Adviser  to  the  Government  of  India  in  the  Department  dealing  with  

Education, ex officio; 

(h) four experts in teacher education to be nominated by the Central Government; 

(i) four State representatives to be nominated by the Central Government in such manner as may 

be prescribed; 

(j) the Chairpersons of the Regional Committees. 

(3)  The  Chairperson  and  the  Member-Secretary  of  the  Council  shall  respectively,  function  as  the 

Chairperson and the Member-Secretary of the Executive Committee. 

(4)  The  Chairperson  or  in  his  absence,  the  Vice-Chairperson  of  the  Council  shall  preside  at  the 
meetings  of  the  Executive  Committee  and  in  the  absence  of  both  the  Chairperson  and  the  
Vice-Chairperson, any other member chosen by the members present at the meeting shall preside at the 
meeting. 

(5) The quorum necessary for the transaction of business at the meetings of the Executive Committee 

shall be as laid down by regulations. 

11 

 
 
 
(6)  The  Executive  Committee  may  co-opt,  in  such  manner  and  for  such  purposes,  as  may  be 
determined  by  regulations,  not  more  than  two  persons  whose  assistance  and  advice,  it  may  desire  in 
carrying out any of the functions assigned to the Executive Committee: 

Provided that the persons co-opted by the Executive Committee for any purpose shall have a right to 
take part in the discussions relevant to that purpose, but shall not have a right to vote at a meeting of the 
Executive Committee, and shall not be a member for any other purpose. 

(7)  The  Council  may,  if  it  considers  necessary,  establish  such  other  committees,  for  such  specific 

purpose, as it may deem fit. 

20. Regional Committees.—(1) The Council shall, by notification in the Official Gazette, establish 

the following Regional Committees, namely:— 

(i) the Eastern Regional Committee; 

(ii) the Western Regional Committee; 

(iii) the Northern Regional Committee; and 

(iv) the Southern Regional Committee. 

(2)  The  Council  may,  if  it  considers  necessary,  establish  with  the  approval  of  the  Central 

Government, such other Regional Committees as it may deem fit. 

(3) The Regional Committee shall consist of the following members, namely:— 

(a) a Member to be nominated by the Council; 

(b)  one  representative  from  each  of  the  States  and  the  Union  territories  of  the  region,  to  be 

nominated by the respective States and the Union territories; 

(c)  such  number  of  persons,  having  special  knowledge  and  experience  in  matters  relating  to 

teacher education, as may be determined by regulations. 

(4) The Council shall nominate one of the members of the concerned Regional Committee to function 

as the chairperson of the said Committee. 

(5) The term of office of the members referred to in clause (c) and the allowances payable to such 

members shall be such as may be determined by regulations. 

(6) The Regional Committee shall, in addition to its functions under sections 14, 15 and 17, perform 

such other functions, as may be assigned to it by the Council or as may be determined by regulations. 

(7) The functions of, the procedure to the followed by, the territorial jurisdiction of, and the manner 
of filling casual vacancies among members of, a Regional Committee shall be such as may be determined 
by regulations. 

21.  Power  to  terminate  the  Regional  Committee.—(1)  If  the  Council  is  of  the  opinion  that  a 
Regional  Committee  is  unable  to  perform,  or  has  persistently  made  default  in  the  performance  of  the 
duties imposed on it by or under this Act or has exceeded or abused its powers, or has wilfully or without 
sufficient cause, failed to comply with any direction issued by the Council for carrying out the provisions 
of  this  Act,  the  Council  may,  by  notification  in  the  Official  Gazette,  terminate  forthwith  the  Regional 
Committee. 

(2) Upon the publication of a notification under sub-section (1),— 

(a)  all  members  of  the  Regional  Committee shall,  notwithstanding  that their  term  of  office  had 

not expired, as from the date of the termination, vacate their office as such members; and 

(b) all the powers and duties which may, by or under the provisions of this Act be exercised or 
performed by or on behalf of the Regional Committee shall, during the period when the term of office 
of  its  members  stand  terminated,  be  exercised  and  performed  by  such  person  or  persons  as  the 
Council may direct. 

12 

 
(3) The Council may at any time after publication of a notification under sub-section (2), re-constitute 

the Regional Committee in the manner provided in sub-section (3) of section 20: 

Provided that it shall be competent for the Council to appoint any person, who was a member of a 

Regional Committee which was terminated, as a member of the reconstituted Regional Committee. 

CHAPTER VI 

FINANCE, ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT 

22.  Payment  to  the  Council.—The  Central  Government  may,  after  due  appropriation  made  by 
Parliament  by  law  in  this  behalf,  pay  to  the  Council  in  each  financial  year  such  sums  as  may  be 
considered necessary for the performance of the functions of the Council under this Act. 

23. Fund of the Council.—(1) The Council shall have its own fund; and all sums which may, from 
time to time, be paid to it by the Central Government or a State Government and all the receipts of the 
Council,  including  any  sum  which  any  other  authority  or  person  in  India  or  abroad  may  pay  to  the 
Council, shall be credited to the fund and all payments by the Council shall be made therefrom. 

(2) All moneys belonging to the fund shall be deposited in such banks or invested in such manner as 

may be decided by the Council. 

(3) The Council may spend such sums as it thinks fit for performing its functions under this Act, and 

such sums shall be treated as expenditure payable out of the fund of the Council. 

24. Budget of the Council.—The Council shall prepare, in such form and at such time each year as 
may be prescribed, a budget in respect of the financial year next ensuing, showing the estimated receipts 
and expenditure, and copies thereof shall be forwarded to the Central Government. 

25.  Annual  report.—The Council shall  prepare  once  every  year, in  such  form  and  at  such time  as 
may be prescribed, an annual report giving a true and full account of its activities during the previous year 
and  copies  thereof  shall  be  forwarded  to  the  Central  Government  and  that  Government  shall  cause  the 
same to be laid before both Houses of Parliament. 

26.  Accounts  and  audit.—(1)  The  Council  shall  cause  to  be  maintained  such  books  of  account  in 
such form and in such manner and as the Central Government may, in consultation with the Comptroller 
and Auditor-General of India, prescribe. 

(2)  The  Council  shall,  as  soon  as  may  be,  after  closing  its  annual  accounts,  prepare  a  statement  of 
accounts in such form and forward the same to the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India by such date 
as the Central Government may, in consultation with the Comptroller and Auditor-General, determine. 

(3) The accounts of the Council shall be audited by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India at 

such times and in such manner as he think fit. 

(4) The accounts of the Council as certified by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India or any 
other  person appointed  by  him  in  this  behalf,  together  with  the  audit report  thereon  shall  be forwarded 
annually  to  the  Central  Government  and  that  Government  shall  cause  the  same  to  be  laid  before  both 
Houses of Parliament. 

CHAPTER VII 

MISCELLANEOUS 

27. Delagation of powers and functions.—The Council may, by general or special order in writing, 
delegate to the chairperson or to any other member or to any officer of the Regional Committee, subject 
to  such  conditions  and  limitations,  if  any,  as  may  be  specified  in  the  order,  such  of  its  powers  and 
functions  under  this  Act  (except  the  power  to  make  regulations  under  section  32),  as  it  may  deem 
necessary. 

28.  Protection  of  action  taken  in  good  faith.—No  prosecution  or  other  legal  proceeding  shall  lie 
against the Central Government, the  Council or any committees appointed by it, or any Member of the 
Council  or  member  of  such  committees,  or  any  officer  or  employee  of  the  Central  Government  or  the 

13 

 
Council or any other person authorised by that Government or the Council, for anything which is in good 
faith done or intended to be done under this Act or the rules or regulations made thereunder. 

29. Directions by the Central Government.—(1) The Council shall, in the discharge of its functions 
and duties under this Act be bound by such directions on questions of policy as the Central Government 
may give in writing to it from time to time. 

(2) The decision of the Central Government as to whether a question is one of policy or not shall be 

final. 

30.  Power  to  supersede  the  Council.—(1)  If  the  Central  Government  is  of  the  opinion  that  the 
Council is unable to perform, or has persistently made default in the performance of the duties imposed 
on it by or under this Act or has exceeded or abused its power, or has wilfully or without sufficient cause 
failed  to  comply  with  any  direction  issued  by  the  Central  Government  under  section  29,  the  Central 
Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, supersede the Council for such period as may be 
specified in the notification: 

Provided that before issuing a notification under this sub-section, the Central Government shall give 
reasonable opportunity to the Council to show cause why it should not be superseded and shall consider 
the explanation and objections, if any, of the Council. 

(2) Upon the publication of a notification under sub-section (1) superseding the Council— 

(a) all the Members of the Council shall, notwithstanding that their term of office had not expired, 

as from the date of supersession, vacate their offices as such Members; 

(b) all the powers and duties which may, by or under the provisions of this Act be exercised or 
performed by or on behalf of the Council shall, during the period of supersession, be exercised and 
performed by such person or persons as the Central Government may direct; 

(c) all property vested in the Council shall, during the period of supersession, vest in the Central 

Government. 

(3)  On  the  expiry  of  the  period  of  supersession  specified  in  the  notification  issued  under  

sub-section (1), the Central Government, may— 

(a) extend the period of supersession for such further period as it may consider necessary; or 

(b) reconstitute the Council in the manner provided in section 3. 

31. Power to make rules.—(1) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, 

make rules to carry out the provisions of this Act. 

(2)  In  particular,  and  without  prejudice  to  the  generality  of  the  foregoing  powers,  such  rules  may 

provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:— 

(a)  the  manner  in  which  Central  Government  is  to  appoint  experts  to  the  Council  under  

sub-clause (v) of clause (m) of sub-section (4) of section 3; 

(b)  the  manner  in  which  the  Central  Government  is  to  appoint  Members  to  the  Council  from 
amongst  the  States  and  the  Union  territory  Administrations  under  clause  (n)  of  sub-section  (4)  of 
section 3; 

(c) the conditions of service of the Chairperson, the Vice-Chairperson and the Member-Secretary 

under sub-section (3) and of Members under sub-section (4) of section 4; 

(d) the powers and duties of the Chairperson under sub-section (7) of section 4; 

(e) the manner in which and the persons by whom the inspection of an institution is to be made 
and the manner in which the institution is to be associated in such inspection under sub-sections (1) 
and (2) of section 13; 

(f) the fees payable on application for obtaining recognition under sub-section (2) of section 14 

and for obtaining permission under sub-section (2) of section 15; 

14 

 
(g) the period of limitation for an appeal under sub-section (1) of section 18, the form in which 
such appeal is to be made and the fees payable therefor under sub-section (3) of that section and the 
procedure for disposal of an appeal under sub-section (4) of that section; 

(h) the manner in which the Central Government is to nominate the State representatives in the 

Executive Committee under clause (i) of sub-section (2) of section 19; 

(i) the form in which and the time within which the budget under section 24 and the annual report 

under section 25 of the Council is to be prepared; 

(j)  the  manner  and  the  form  in  which  the  accounts  of  the  Council  are  to  be  maintained  under 

sub-section (1) of section 26; 

(k) any other matter which has to be, or may be, prescribed. 

32. Power to make regulations.—(1) The Council may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make 
regulations  not inconsistent  with the  provisions  of this  Act and the  rules  made  thereunder,  generally  to 
carry out the provisions of this Act. 

(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such regulations may 

provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:— 

(a) the time and the place of the meetings of the Council and the procedure for conducting business 

thereat under sub-section (1) of section 7; 

(b) the manner in which and the purposes for which persons may be co-opted by the Council under 

sub-section (1) of section 9; 

(c)  the  appointment  and  terms  and  conditions  of  service  of  officers  and  other  employees  of  the 

Council under sub-sections (1) and (2) respectively of section 10; 

(d) the norms, guidelines and standards in respect of— 

(i) the minimum qualifications for a person to be employed as a teacher  under clause (d) of 

section 12; 

(ii)  the  specified  category  of  courses  or  training  in  teacher  education  under  clause  (e)  of 

section 12; 

(iii)  starting  of  new  courses  or  training  in  recognised  institutions  under  clause  (f)  of  

section 12; 

(iv) standards in respect of examinations leading to teacher education  qualifications referred 

to in clause (g) of section 12; 

(v) the tuition fees and other fees chargeable by institutions under clause (h) of section 12; 

(vi) the schemes for various levels of teacher education, and identification of institutions for 

offering teacher development programmes under clause (l) of section 12; 

1[(dd) the qualifications of teachers under section 12A;] 

(e)  the  form  and  the  manner  in  which  an  application  for  recognition  is  to  be  submitted  under  

sub-section (1) of section 14; 

(f)  conditions  required  for  the  proper  functioning  of  the  institution  and  conditions  for  granting 

recognition under clause (a) of sub-section (3) of section 14; 

(g)  the  form  and  the  manner  in  which  an  application  for  permission  is  to  be  made  under 

sub-section (1) of section 15; 

(h)  conditions  required  for  the  proper  conduct  of  a  new  course  or  training  and  conditions  for 

granting permission under clause (a) of sub-section (3) of section 15; 

1. Ins. by Act 18 of 2011, s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-6-2012). 

15 

 
                                                           
(i)  the  functions  which  may  be  assigned  by  the  Council  to  the  Executive  Committee  under  

sub-section (1) of section 19; 

(j)  the  procedure  and  the  quorum  necessary  for  transaction  of  business  at  the  meetings  of  the 

Executive Committee under sub-section (5) of section 19; 

(k) the manner in which and the purposes for which the Executive Committee may co-opt persons 

under sub-section (6) of section 19; 

(l) the number of persons under clause (c) of sub-section (3) of section 20; 

(m) the term of office and allowances payable to members under sub-section (5) of section 20; 

(n)  additional  functions  to  be  performed  by  the  Regional  Committee  under  sub-section  (6)  of 

section 20; 

(o) the functions of, the procedure to be followed by, the territorial jurisdiction of, and the manner 
of  filling  casual  vacancies  among  members  of,  a  Regional  Committee  under  sub-section  (7)  of  
section 20; 

(p) any other matter in respect of which provision is to be, or may be, made by regulations. 

33.  Rules  and  regulations  to  be  laid  before  Parliament.—Every  rule  and  every  regulation  made 
under this Act shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament, while it 
is in session, for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more 
successive  sessions,  and  if,  before  the  expiry  of  the  session  immediately  following  the  session  or  the 
successive sessions aforesaid, both House agree in making any modification in the rule or regulation, or 
both  House  agree  that  the  rule  or  regulation  should  not  be  made,  the  rule  or  regulation  shall  thereafter 
have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such 
modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under 
that rule or regulation. 

34. Power to remove difficulties.—(1) If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of this 
Act, the Central Government may, by order, published in the Official Gazette, make such provisions not 
inconsistent with the provisions of this Act as may appear to be necessary for removing the difficulty: 

Provided  that  no  order  shall  be  made  under  this  section  after  the  expiry  of  two  years  from  the 

commencement of this Act. 

(2) Every order made under this section shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each 

House of Parliament.  

16 

 
 
